Ibn Al-Kalbi 'Book of Idols' circa 1400 AD, Moslem historian

“The Quraysh were wont to venerate her above all other idols. For this reason Zayd ibn-'Amr ibn-Nufayl, who, during the Jahilyah days, had turned to the worship of God and renounced that of al-'Uzza and of the other idols, said:

"I have renounced both Allat and al-'Uzza,
For thus would the brave and the robust do.
No more do I worship al-'Uzza and her two daughters,
Or visit the two idols of the banu-Ghanm;
Nor do I journey to Hubal and adore it,
although it was our lord when i was young."

... The Quraysh had also several idols in and around the Ka'bah. The greatest of these was Hubal. It was, as I was told, of red agate, in the form of a man with the right hand broken off. It came into the possession of the Quraysh in this condition, and they, therefore, made for it a hand of gold. The first to set it up [for worship] was Khuzaymah ibn-Mudrikah ibn-al-Ya's' ibn-Mudar. Consequently it used to be called Khuzaymah's Hubal.”

[note; Allat is the Sun goddess, and al-Uzza a daughter of Allah and Allat. Both were venerated as gods in pre-Islamic Arabia. Muhammand's grandfather was a guardian of Hubal.....]

Allah as a moon deity? Such a supposition is sure to send Moslems, the always knowing, always sophisticated progentors of civilization, into a mad frenzy. Not to mention their cultural Marxist and self-loathing Western allies. Here are some historians declaiming that Allah is indeed the moon idol, one which would have been derived from Assyro-Babylonian culture and their 'Lord' or 'one' which was Ba'al and in Syria Hub'Al[lah]'; and merged with local pagan Arab astral worship. [changes to the text are my emphasis]

Karen Armstrong, 'Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet' pp. 61-62

"... At the time of Muhammad, the Ka'abah was officially dedicated to the god Hubal, a deity who had been imported into Arabia from the Nabateans in what is now Jordan. But the pre-eminence of the shrine as well as the common belief in Mecca seems to suggest that it may have been dedicated originally to al-Llah, the High God of the Arabs ..."

ibid., p. 66

"... Legend had it that Qusayy had travelled in Syria and brought the three goddesses al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat to the Hijaz and enthroned the Nabatean god Hubal in the Ka'abah ..."

Rodinson, 'Muhammad' p. 16 "...

The great god of Mecca was Hubal, an idol of carnelian."

Ibid p. 40 "...

The Ka'ba which may have initially been a shrine of Hubal alone, housed several idols ..."

Ruthven, 'Islam in the World', p. 15

"... The presiding deity was Hubal, a large carnelian kept inside the temple; 360 other idols were arranged outside ..."

Ibid p. 17

"... Although originally under the aegis of the pagan god Hubal, the Makkan haram which centered around the well of Zamzam, may have become associated with the ancestral figures of Ibrahim and Isma'il as the Arab traders, shedding their parochial backgrounds sought to locate themselves within the broader reference-frame of Judeo-Christianity."

Ibid, p. 28

"... the god of Makka, Hubal, represented by a statue of red carnelian, is thought to have been originally a totem of the Khuza'a, rulers of Makka before their displacement by the Quraysh ..."

Braswell, 'Islam its Prophets, Peoples, Politics and Power', p. 44

“Pre-Islamic Arabia also had its stone deities. They were stone statues of shapeless volcanic or meteoric stones found in the deserts and believed to have been sent by astral deities. The most prominent deities were Hubal, the male god of the Ka'ba, and the three sister goddesses al-Lat, al-Manat, and al-Uzza; Muhammad's tribe, the Quraysh, thought these three goddesses to be the daughters of Allah. Hubal was the chief god of the Ka'ba among 360 other deities. He was a man-like statue whose body was made of red precious stone and whose arms were of solid gold.

Glassé, 'The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam' p. 160

Hubal. An idol, God of the moon. It was set up in the Kabah and became the principle idol of the pagan Meccans.

Ibid., p. 179

... the principle gods at Mecca were Hubal (god of the moon) and the female goddesses.

Even Karen Armstrong, the anti-Catholic pro-Moslem bigot admits that Allah is Hubal. This must have ramifications on Islamic liturgy. It proves that Islam has little in connection with Judeo-Christian ideals, beliefs, or visions about 'God'. It justifies the claim that Islam is pagan, and the ilah or the 'one' a fabrication of Muhammad's febrile and excited mind, conflating Hub'Al with the naming reference ilah to produce a 'new' Judaic inspired 'god', called Al-Lah. El-Lah, Al-Lah, i-lah had of course existed for millennia. It was simply repackaged, repurposed, and repositioned by Muhammad and the Moslem cult. Will Moslems ever admit to the fact that they worship an Assyro-Babylonian-Arab astral deity ? Does this reality account for the supremacist, racist, intolerant, dichotomous and at times maniacal writings in the Koran ?