The Fall of Rome and the Invasions of the Musulmans

Some key reasons why Muslims were able to conquer half of Christendom

Wednesday, October 27, 2021 by Ferdinand III
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One of the most remarkable myths about the Roman Empire, is the image of an implacably dominant Rome, whose society was an apogee of progress and stability, whose colossal presence throughout its Western empire was perceived as immanent and immutable.  While there is much to commend Roman engineering, building, urban development and planning, and the management of water, the truth is that Rome was an economic chimera, built around the military, premised on economically restrictive massive taxation, extraordinary tolling of trade and income, and a huge bureaucracy. 

 

It was a slave empire.  Innovation and technology were largely eschewed for slave labour.  It was also a latifundia empire.  A small cadre of families ran the empire post Julius Caesar, with civil wars the inevitable result.  It was a mercenary army post 250 A.D.  Germans ran and populated the military.  This guaranteed conflict and civil wars between generals and their followers who depended on the rapine and plunder of war for their wages and riches.  Rome was economically frail, the long trade links around the Mediterranean and beyond notwithstanding.  This must be true given that post 410 A.D. in Britain for example, when the legions left and after 476 A.D. in Italy, when Odoacer the Goth removed and pensioned off Romulus to a comfortable villa near Naples, there was felt in many parts of the former empire, an economic and social decline.  The centralised state and its tentacles had been removed.  It was not a ‘fall’ but a contraction as the Roman military, the central focal point of the economy, was basically shut down and replaced by localised German run kingdoms. 

 

However, no profound changes outside of Britain can be detected.  As Pirenne writes, ‘Considering matters as they actually, were, we see that the great novelty of the epoch was a political fact: in the Occident a plurality of States had replaced the unity of the Roman State.  And this, of course, was a very considerable novelty….There was no profound transformation except in Britain.’  Outside of the British isles, the Mediterranean world still dominated, now centred upon Constantinople, not Rome.  There would have been economic and social dislocation, and contractions due to the obvious changes in local and regional governance, power and even localised legal charters.  But the essential Roman character and the southern foci of Western Europe remained in place.  In many areas there was little to no changes, in some, incessant brigandage and small-scale conflicts.  In others, trade reorientation and dislocation.  In some areas urban centres declined, in others they remained the same.  In some locales the local Roman infrastructure of roads, bridges, baths and public buildings were abandoned, in others they were repaired and improved.  There was no ‘fall’ across the great diversity and distance of Western Europe. 

 

The greatest disruption until the triad of attacks from the Musulmans, Vikings and Avars (Huns), came from the Byzantines and Justinian’s invasions of North Africa and Italy, creating a savage war that marred the land for 40 years in the mid-6^th century.  Socio-economic life in most of those areas must have been deranged.  But in France and elsewhere, life began to improve.  Recent evidence proves Pirenne wrong about the Merovingian dynasty which preceded the Carolingian.  Pirenne believed that the Merovingian empire decayed and was taken over by the successors to Charles Martel.  In this reading, the Merovingians are corrupt, distant, ineffective rulers, who dissipated the great wealth of their Frankish kingdom.  In actual fact it is now rather clear that the renaissance of Charlemagne was founded upon the wealth and riches of the Merovingians.

 

In any event, the most important point raised by Pirenne is the fact that Western Europe suffered a reversal and decline with the coming of the Musulman invasions in the 640s in which they conquered the southern and Christian half of the Mediterranean Roman empire, including taking the merchant navies and trading entrepots of Syria, the granaries and food depots of North Africa, the magnificent and rich urban areas of Spain and southern France, and the important islands in the Western Mediterranean.  The former Roman and Christian unity around the Mare Nostrum was shattered, trade linkages were ended, raw materials and supplies were now directed toward Baghdad, and urban plantations and ports along the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas were diminished and, in some cases, completely effaced.

 

The glaring truths are that the Roman empire was never as economically vibrant or as solid as historians and ‘experts’ maintain, and that the various ‘dark ages’, were economic and social contractions arising from war, invasion and plague.  The worst event was the Musulman invasion of the 7^th century, which succeeded because in the 6^th century, Eastern and Western Christianity had engaged in a colossally bloody and pointless civil war which exterminated 2 generations of men, from which the militaries of the combatants never fully recovered.  Added to this was the endless Byzantine war with Sassanid Persia, further depleting men, treasure and economic vitality.  Superimposed on these wars was a real pandemic plague in the 6^th century which probably killed 30% of the population.  These are important and signal reasons why the Musulmans were able to conquer half of the Christian Roman empire in little more than 70 years. 

 

 

Communism's war on the Church in 1930s Spain, is a dark echo of what is happening today

Fully supported by a corrupt, criminal cabal in the Vatican.

Thursday, October 21, 2021 by Ferdinand III
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Communist regimes were and are Atheistic.  They don’t tolerate centres of opposition including Churches, associations not aligned to the State, political organisations with meaningful support, broadcast media who do not support the ruling cult, and corporations who are not under State control.  Local associations, youth clubs, and agencies outside the State are not usually tolerated.  Nazi Germany had the same programme, initiated by an Atheist cult much opposed to Christianity and as the Nuremberg documents revealed, was planning for the complete abolition of the Churches and the creation of a ‘Reich Kirche’.  The Nazis murdered some 5 million Christians using bullets and gas.  Not many books, not a single movie about this holocaust, named by Jewish historian Max Dimon as the ‘unknown holocaust’.

 

One obvious objective of the Corona Reset and New World Order is the utter obliteration of Christianity, with the half-wit fools in the Vatican and national Churches being willing accomplices.  Lockdown policies targeted Churches, closing them down, locking their doors, arresting Priests who did not comply, levying fines against the recalcitrant, and forcing the faithful to be terrified of any group larger than a handful and the spread of the ‘scariants’.  Abortion clinics, places to buy alcohol, ‘entertainment’ venues, were open.  But not the Churches.  Grafted with tax money, every Church has complied with the Corona totalitarianism, with very few dissenters and those who do dissent are vilified by their own Churches, often punished and removed.

 

The Great Reset purports to demolish Western Christianity and erect a new Church, perhaps the Church of ‘Reason’ (akin to what the French Atheists tried to establish but failing following 1789), or the Church of the Free-Masons and Lucifer worship, or the Church of the Science melding religious belief with a technocracy who uses Science (fraud, data torture, propaganda) to assemble and manage the clueless mass.

 

Once the Corona Fascists remove the Churches, what organisation will be safe from their predations?  Spain suffered a civil war, with the Fake News, and Fake historians almost in unison taking the ‘side’ of the Spanish Communists against the hated and ‘Fascist’ Franco.  Franco defended the Church and historical state of Spain against a philosophy of Lenin and Mao, one dedicated to destroying the Church.  Yet, I would imagine that a majority of ‘learned’ certainly the Vatican and Pope Frank the Insipid, would bellow a full throated defence of the Spanish Communist destruction of the Catholic Church with a full depreciation of Franco. 

 

What can happen in an Atheist-Communist (or Humanist as they sometimes call themselves) state, can happen in the Age of Medical Corona Nazism.  The Communists gained power in Madrid and other areas in 1931.  It did not take long for them to enact a modern ‘Reign of Terror’.  This terror initiated the civil war of 1936-39.  An example of fascistic intolerance of the Church by the Communists in Spain includes inter-alia, the following.

 

·       Madrid, November 6, 1936, the Communists simultaneously executed about 2,400 political prisoners (including more than 200 priests, nuns and seminarians). Republican movements (anarchists, communists and socialists).

 

·       In Barcelona at least 58 churches were burned down from 1931-1936.  Only the cathedral has survived. 10 thousand volumes from the richest collection of the cathedral library in Cuenca were savagely burned.

 

·       Across Madrid and Barcelona there were public burnings of icons, Catholic statues and liturgical books. Official sources noted that in the period from February to July 1936 alone, 170 churches were burned to ashes across the country. 

 

·       The impunity for these anti-religious acts of violence was one of the reasons for the outbreak of the bloody civil war in Spain (1936-1939).

 

·       A total of 7,937 clergymen died from executions and torture, incl. 11 bishops, 5255 priests, 2775 monks and nuns.

 

Happening again today all over the world. Atheist-Humanist-Communism attacking churches all over the West, burning 50-odd in Canada alone, desecrating hundreds in Europe and USA. Rona diktats targeted the Churches and will do so again shortly. The premise is to wipe out Christianity and install Luciferian-Free Masonry or the 'Church of Reason' in its place.  Not much has changed since the Communist generated civil war in Spain, except this time the Vatican is fully supporting its own destruction. 

Bergoglio is a Criminal not a Pope

He is effacing the Catholic Church and demanding a New World Order

Thursday, October 14, 2021 by Ferdinand III
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Pope Francis is part of a criminal cabal intent on reshaping Global Economics and Politics and effacing the old Western traditions and installing the New World Order.  There is no doubt that the Argentinian Pope is actively trying to destroy both the Church and European Christian cultural foundations.  The Vatican and Churches in every country have almost without exception, accepted, promoted and distributed the false and pre-planned Corona pandemic narrative.  Any Priest or Bishop who has not complied has been threatened with both re-education and defrocking.

 

We can conclude that Bergoglio is not really a Catholic or he is a Catholic who hates most of Catholic history and the institution of the Church as it was constructed just a short while ago under Benedict and John Paul II.  But it is not just the support of the Corona Fascism which troubles and deranges.  Bergoglio is a disaster on every subject including supporting non-existent climate change, the unfettered Muslim-African invasions of Europe, doing nothing to combat the Muslim Jihad against Christians raging in parts of Africa and Asia, appeasing the Chinese Communist Party by sacrificing Catholics and their rights and freedoms in China, reframing Catholic truths as options, stating that the Catholic Church is only one way to God and maybe not even the truest, emasculating the Catholic mass and getting rid of any who oppose his radicalisation.  In short Bergoglio is an anti-Catholic, anti-civilisational Pope. 

 

Bergoglio might well support Free Masonry, itself a bizarre anti-Christian Luciferian cult dedicated to ending nation states and Christianity.  Whatever the real dynamics emanating from the Vatican, the facts are that the Catholic Church is criminally responsible for being a large and supportive partner in the Corona fascism and its attendant death, injury and destruction.  It is likely that 20 million are now injured from just 2 rounds of the poison injections and some 1-2 million dead from the same. 

 

Bergoglio and the Vatican are rotted with homosexuality and evil.  We are witnessing with Bergoglio the end of the Catholic Church as a moral force in the world.  God is done and God is now denied.  Bergoglio and the Corona cabal want a return to the age of Baal (moon deity, evil), or Luciferianism (sun worship, free masonry). An age of Darkness.

 

The ’Enlightenment’ which informs Bergoglio’s beliefs and materialism leading to ‘humanism’ (or communistic theologies) led us here.  The ‘Enlightenment’ demanded only ‘one truth’, ‘one way’, ‘one system’, it screams ‘follow the science’ never asking what does that mean?  It rejects free will, free speech, inquiry and reason.  In this vein it sets up people to reject truth and reality and view ourselves as Gods. No natural law, no God given rights, no moral purpose, no repercussions.  A Godless age is a Rona age.  Murdering means saving, stabbing poisons into people against an IFR of 0.15% means health, data fraud is truth, individuality is immoral, freedom is selfish, intolerance is compassion and a ‘pass’ is about health and safety.

 

Bergoglio has desecrated the Catholic Church and sided with evil.  He goes without God and rejects God and his Church.  He demands we submit to a New World Order premised on flu Fascism and intolerance and evil.  This makes him and the Vatican criminal murderers and usurpers. 

 

“When people stop believing in God, they don’t believe in nothing – they believe in anything.” – G.K. Chesterton

 

Genesis 6:5: “And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.”

 

Jeremiah 7:24: “But they hearkened not, nor inclined their ear, but walked in the counsels and in the imagination of their evil heart, and went backward, and not forward.”

 

Ecclesiastes 1:2: "Vanities of vanities, all is vanity."

 

Nothing has changed over 2500 years.

 

And the vanity of being your own God leads to the chaos and evil of this age.

 

Sura 4 and Jihad. Kill Christians who are allied with Satan.

Not much love, no sign of the Golden Rule.

Sunday, October 10, 2021 by Ferdinand III
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Sura 4 is a very important ‘chapter’ within the book Recital (Koran) inciting war, Jihad and Christianophobia.  33% or more of this chapter is Christophobic and Infidelophobic.  In Sura 4 or 'The Women', just in the first 90 verses along, one finds 30 Christophobic statements. Quite a large amount from a cult supposedly dedicated to world happiness and inventing everything.

 

Sura 4 is often referenced by more ‘pure’ Muhammadan organisations such as ISIS, Hamas, Hizbollah, Boko Harem, Palestinian Jihad, Al Qaeda or the 100 other Muslim Jihad groups to justify their slaughters, attacks, and slavery of non-Musulmans.  You would know none of this if you source of information were universities, the ‘news’, or ‘social media’, in which Twitter and Facebook actively purge and erase any posts even mildly critical of Muhammad’s cult.  Most of their offshore staff are Musulman.

Most of this Sura is a recitation of early Iron Age 'Laws', something one would expect from a backwards Bedouin society of pilfering nomads. Most of the statutes are banal, obtuse and emanate from an uncultured impoverished manner of living. Consider the following 'law', passed on by the 'great' Muhammad on behalf of the moon deity Hub'Al:

 

Beyond the usual Koranic absurdity, we have 3 main themes in Sura 4.

1) Christians: Not believing in Islam means you believe in Satan.

2) Christians: You must believe only in Muhammad as well as 'Allah' to be saved, or you go to Hell. [In other words forget the Trinity].

3) Jihad is mandatory against the Trinity-worshipping, hence pagan, Christians.

 

1. Christians: Not believing in Islam means you believe in Satan

 

Musulmans view Christians as pagans who worship 3 Gods – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.  In this vein, Christ is not divine, he is not the Son of the Father, but merely an inferior prophet, who could perform some magic (no miracles are ascribed to Muhammad), who did not rise from the dead, and who predicted the coming of Muhammad, a superior prophet to himself and the last of the word-givers of God (or in the case of Muhammadanism, Al Lah, the Lord of Mecca, which was Baal not the Christian God).

 

 

Christians cannot believe in the Trinity. That is polytheism under Koranic law. Punishable by death.

 

 

[the above phrase references the Trinity]

 

 

004:056 * URL

Surely! Those who disbelieved in Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) We shall burn them in Fire. As often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for other skins that they may taste the punishment. Truly, Allah is Ever Most Powerful, All Wise.

 

004:060 * URL

Have you seen those (hyprocrites) (Christians, Jews, Non-Muslims) who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you, and they wish to go for judgement (in their disputes) to the Taghut (false judges, etc.) while they have been ordered to reject them. But Shaitan (Satan) wishes to lead them far astray.

 

Christians are of course criminal hypocrites, joined to Satan and they have rejected the proof of Muhammad’s prophethood, his divine insights and the power of the Al-Lah.  Worse they have set Christ up above the Al-Lah to be venerated and followed.

 

2. Christians: You must believe only in Muhammad as well as 'Allah' to be saved, or you go to Hell.

 

Christians and Jews very loudly rejected Muhammad (along with most of the pagan Arab tribes).  Muhammad received a ‘revelation’ that such disobedience would be rewarded with punishment and hell. 

 

 

 

Christians were given the ‘scripture’ which in Muhammadan theology came from the Al-Lah and was perfected in voice and words by Muhammad.  Christ and his disciple broke ‘Sabbath rules’, by for instance, healing people on a Saturday or eating with ‘unclean’ hands.  This is anathema to the cult of Muhammad.  The Muhammadan book Recital is the final word of Al-Lah, it supersedes and nullifies the Christian scripture and demonises those who break the rules of the Sabbath. 

 

 

Given their stubborn sinfulness and rejection of Muhammad, Christians are 'cursed', and destined by the Al-Lah, for Hellfire.  The Christian scripture is only a ‘part’ of the revelation of Al-Lah and not the most important part.  It is superseded by Muhammad’s commands.

 

004:051 * URL	Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They believe in Jibt and Taghut and say to the disbelievers that they are better guided as regards the way than the believers (Muslims).
004:052 * URL	They are those whom Allah has cursed, and he whom Allah curses, you will not find for him (any) helper,

 

004:055 * URL

Of them were (some) who believed in him (Muhammad SAW), and of them were (some) who averted their faces from him (Muhammad SAW); and enough is Hell for burning (them).

 

004:063 * URL

They (hypocrites) are those of whom Allah knows what is in their hearts; so turn aside from them (do not punish them) but admonish them, and speak to them an effective word (i.e. to believe in Allah, worship Him, obey Him, and be afraid of Him) to reach their innerselves.

 

[see also 59, 61-62, 64-68]

 

What the above means as a teleological liturgy is Jihad. The objective of Koranic theology is to conquer the world for Muhammad. Once Jews and Christians are demonized, associated with Satan, and declared to be a dangerous force, it is far easier to kill them.

 

3) Jihad against Christians is mandatory.

 

004:071 * URL

O you who believe! Take your precautions, and either go forth (on an expedition) in parties, or go forth all together.

 

004:073 * URL	But if a bounty (victory and booty) comes to you from Allah, he would surely say - as if there had never been ties of affection between you and him - "Oh! I wish I had been with them; then I would have achieved a great success (a good share of booty)."
004:074 * URL	Let those (believers) who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in the Cause of Allah, and whoso fights in the Cause of Allah, and is killed or gets victory, We shall bestow on him a great reward.

 

Christians are regarded in the Koran as 'oppressing' the Moslems, and Arab-Moslem freedom can only be realized when these Christians are overthrown by military force.  This is an oft-stated claim of Muhammadans and their many apologists.  The Musulmans are oppressed and they must fight Christians who are allied with Satan, until Allah-Muhammad is victorious and kill them, even if they hide in strong fortresses:

 

004:075 * URL	And what is wrong with you that you fight not in the Cause of Allah, and for those weak, illtreated and oppressed among men, women, and children, whose cry is: "Our Lord! Rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors; and raise for us from You one who will protect, and raise for us from You one who will help."
004:076 * URL	Those who believe, fight in the Cause of Allah, and those who disbelieve, fight in the cause of Taghut (Satan, etc.). So fight you against the friends of Shaitan (Satan); Ever feeble indeed is the plot of Shaitan (Satan).
004:077 * URL	Have you not seen those who were told to hold back their hands (from fighting) and perform As-Salat (IqamatasSalat), and give Zakat, but when the fighting was ordained for them, behold! a section of them fear men as they fear Allah or even more. They say: "Our Lord! Why have you ordained for us fighting? Would that you had granted us respite for a short period?" Say: "Short is the enjoyment of this world. The Hereafter is (far) better for him who fears Allah, and you shall not be dealt with unjustly even equal to the Fatila (a scalish thread in the long slit of a datestone).
004:078 * URL	"Wheresoever you may be, death will overtake you even if you are in fortresses built up strong and high!" And if some good reaches them, they say, "This is from Allah," but if some evil befalls them, they say, "This is from you (O Muhammad SAW)." Say: "All things are from Allah,"so what is wrong with these people that they fail to understand any word?

 

Muhammad will lead the Jihad, guided and sanctified by Baal (the moon deity of Mecca) or Al-Lah:

004:084 * URL

Then fight (O Muhammad SAW) in the Cause of Allah, you are not tasked (held responsible) except for yourself, and incite the believers (to fight along with you), it may be that Allah will restrain the evil might of the disbelievers. And Allah is Stronger in Might and Stronger in punishing.

 

The death of Christians results not just from enacting the Jihad. If Jews or Christians convince a Moslem to leave the cult of Muhammad, kill the apostate [and those who did the converting to the polytheistic criminality]. Or, if Jews and Christians embrace Islam and then leave, kill them as well:

 

004:089 * URL

They wish that you reject Faith, as they have rejected (Faith), and thus that you all become equal (like one another). So take not Auliya' (protectors or friends) from them, till they emigrate in the Way of Allah (to Muhammad SAW). But if they turn back (from Islam), take (hold) of them and kill them wherever you find them, and take neither Auliya' (protectors or friends) nor helpers from them.

 

The first part of Sura 4 outlines why Christians [and non-Moslems in general] are inferior; why they will go to hell; and why Moslems must perform Jihad against non-Moslems. Further, apostates or anyone rejecting the Allah-Muhammad cult must be killed. This is not one single phrase in the first part of Sura 4, about immanent and universal ethical and moral principles, natural law rights, human dignity, tolerance, gratitude or the Golden Rule. Cults are not religions and Islam is most certainly a Bronze-Iron-age inspired cult.

Henri Pirenne: Mohammed and Charlemagne

Intellectual Life did not descend into 'darkness' post 476, but developed and flourished.

Monday, October 4, 2021 by Ferdinand III
Full Article

 

 First part here.

Second here.

 

For anti-Christian, anti-reality bigots, the world ended on a dark day in 476 A.D. when the pagan, slave-owning, militaristic despotism steeped in blood and bondage called the Western Roman Empire ‘fell’ to Germanic ‘Barbarians’, barely clothed, toothless, fouling themselves, champing and chimping like African apes over the great ‘classical world’ of the Romans.  Nothing was left, all was ruin, and darkness reigned. This standard-Atheist-Humanist view is the complete opposite of reality in many ways.  The contraction in Western European society occurred with the Musulman invasions of the 7^th and 8^th centuries.  Not only is this common-sense, but empirically and archaeologically proven.  But it runs counter to the Atheist-Humanist love of Muhammadanism, in which rainbows vie with unicorns who tussle with magical pots of gold for attention and relevancy. 

 

The deranged violence, war, slavery and destruction of the Musulman Jihad, obvious and present in the modern world as well as the medieval, is ascribed to be the fault of Christians, lascivious monks and illiterate Catholic peasants, too stupid to invent the thousand of items which propelled Catholic Europe to world-wide domination by the 15^th century.  The Jihad was to their benefit the Atheist-Humanists chant, it brought civilisation, they intone.  The intellectual barrenness of the modern age can be summed up in the non-existent criticism of the Muhammadan cult and the fantastical illiteracy about its cultural-civilisational destruction, which is now resurrected as the opposite, proving the general uselessness of education and university systems in the modern world.

 

Pirenne devotes many pages outlining the intellectual life of 6^th century post-Roman Western Europe.  Not much had changed from the 4^th century, except improvement and greater erudition.  ‘Intellectual’ life did not descend into darkness, writing, poetry, art all flourished post 476 A.D.  The Germanic states which took over the Western empire, did not change anything and invested in cultural refinements including schools and libraries.  Monasteries were busy with scribing and copying, and the urban populations educated their children in the same manner as before the ‘fall’. 

 

“We learn through him (Pasiphae a rhetorician) that the schools of rhetoric in Rome were as busy as ever.  He wrote his panegyric of Theodoric between 504 and 508, in the inflated and pretentious style as that which marks his biography of Anthony, the monk of Lerins.  He also wrote of grammar, of rhetoric which ‘commands the universe’ and of the bases of the Christian’s education.”

 

Education, literacy and artistic output in many genres only accelerated post Rome 476.  Pirenne lists a few examples:

 

Boethius, a Roman Christian born in 480, made a consul in 510, be become a minister in the Ostrogothic government and reformed the monetary system.  He translated Aristotle, Isagogue the Porphyry, and various works of Greek musicians and mathematicians.  He wrote the important work which influenced medieval thought, ‘Consolation of Philosophy’, merging Stoic and Christian ideals.  He was executed for treason, plotting with the Byzantines who tried, and succeeded for a time, in reconquering Italy.

 

Cassiodorus was born in 477, and was the principal minister in the Ostrogothic government.  He withdrew to the religious life in 540 and established a monastery.  He set his monks the task of compiling all the ancient works of classic antiquity.  The medieval compilation of literally tonnes of pagan books and their translation, restoration and cataloguing can be traced to this era.

 

Pirenne mentions many different Romano-Christian actors in the realm of writing, poetry and education; including Fortunatus, Arator, Caribert, Duke Lupus, Andarchius, Gogo, Barthenius, Dracontius, Felicianus, Florentinus, Felix, Luxorius, Mavortius, Coronatus, Calbulus, Parthenius, Fulgentius, Sidonius and King Chilperic, amongst many others.  As Pirenne concludes:  “In short the invasions did not modify the character of the intellectual life in the basin of the Mediterranean….the old tradition survived.  Since there were still writers, there must still have been a public to read them, and even a comparatively scholarly public….This intellectual life which preserved the traditions of antiquity must have continued into the 7^th century, since Pope Gregory the Great reproached Didier, Bishop of Vienne, with giving all his time to grammar, and in Spain there were historians of some merit up to the time of the Arab conquest.”

 

In the 7^th century Christian scholars continued the ‘old traditions’ building libraries, encyclopaedias and manifests of technologies, inventions and tools.  Isidore of Seville is one example, “…..tried to make the science of the ages accessible to his contemporaries.  Not a trace of the classic spirit survived in his writings.  They related facts, and contained useful recipes.  He was the Encyclopaedia of the Middle Ages.”

 

In the 6^th and 7^th centuries Western Romano-Christian civilisation was engaged in endless building projects.  Churches, water systems, canals, windmills, watermills and road building were common.  Many of the structures were aesthetically adorned with new advances in sculpture and art.  The pagan world was being merged in the Christian and medieval world.  A dynamism developed, longer terms of trade, credit, and cultural confidence, must of it influenced by the great Christian city and empire of Constantinople, the largest urban complex in the world and a hive of manufacturing and technological output. 

 

The world did not crash into darkness in 476 A.D.  Quite the opposite.  The fetters of Roman pagan militarism were lifted, the crushing weight of a corrupt state pushed away, and the Christian ethos of freedom enshrined.  Light not darkness flowed post Rome.